Researchers tested a traditional Chinese medicine called Polygonatum sibiricum (a plant used for health benefits) to see if it was safe. While the herb didn’t kill mice at any dose tested, high amounts caused concerning changes in behavior, damaged chromosomes, and harmed the liver, kidneys, and spleen. The study found that the herb contains active compounds that can enter the bloodstream and affect multiple body systems through different biological pathways. These findings suggest people should be careful about how much of this herb they consume, especially over long periods.

The Quick Take

  • What they studied: Whether Polygonatum sibiricum, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, is safe to eat or use as medicine, and what harmful effects it might cause at high doses
  • Who participated: Laboratory mice received different amounts of the herb extract by mouth to test for safety and toxic effects
  • Key finding: The herb didn’t cause immediate death, but high doses caused behavioral problems, genetic damage, and organ damage to the liver, kidneys, and spleen over time
  • What it means for you: If you use this herb as a supplement or food, stick to normal amounts and don’t exceed recommended doses. People with liver or kidney problems should be especially cautious. Talk to your doctor before using this herb regularly, especially in concentrated forms

The Research Details

Scientists extracted the active compounds from Polygonatum sibiricum using a special heating method with alcohol. They then gave mice different amounts of this extract by mouth and watched what happened. The researchers checked the mice’s behavior, blood work, and organ tissue under a microscope. They also used computer analysis to figure out which parts of the herb’s compounds were causing problems and how they were damaging cells.

The study looked at three types of toxicity: acute (immediate effects from one dose), subacute (effects from repeated doses over time), and genetic (damage to DNA). This multi-level approach helped the researchers understand both short-term and long-term safety concerns.

The team identified 10 active compounds from the herb that actually made it into the bloodstream and could affect the body. They then used advanced computer modeling to predict which biological pathways these compounds were interfering with.

This research is important because Polygonatum sibiricum is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and sold as a health supplement, but nobody had thoroughly tested whether it was actually safe. By studying multiple types of toxicity and identifying the specific mechanisms of harm, this research provides clear safety information that doctors and consumers need to make informed decisions about using this herb.

The study used established scientific methods including blood tests, tissue examination, and computer-based analysis to identify toxic effects. The researchers tested multiple dose levels and time periods, which strengthens their conclusions. However, the study was done in mice, so results may not perfectly match what happens in humans. The specific number of mice used wasn’t clearly stated in the abstract, which is a minor limitation.

What the Results Show

The herb extract contained measurable amounts of two main types of active compounds: flavonoids and saponins. When researchers gave mice the extract, about 10 different active compounds successfully entered the bloodstream and circulated through the body.

At high doses, mice showed obvious behavioral changes and damage to their chromosomes (the structures that carry genetic information). This genetic damage is concerning because it could potentially affect cell function and reproduction.

When mice received repeated doses over time, they developed problems in three major organs: the liver, kidneys, and spleen. These problems got worse the longer the mice received the herb. Blood tests showed abnormal levels of various chemicals, indicating organ stress and damage.

The computer analysis revealed that the herb’s compounds were interfering with specific cellular communication pathways—essentially breaking the normal ‘conversation’ between cells. Different pathways were affected in different organs, explaining why multiple organs were damaged.

The research identified that the herb’s active compounds could bind strongly to specific proteins in cells that control important functions. This binding appears to be the mechanism by which the herb causes damage. The study also showed that the damage was dose-dependent, meaning higher amounts caused more severe problems.

While Polygonatum sibiricum has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, very little scientific research had examined its safety profile. This study fills an important gap by providing the first comprehensive toxicology assessment. The findings suggest that traditional use doesn’t necessarily mean modern safety, especially when concentrated extracts are used at high doses.

This study was conducted in mice, and results don’t always translate directly to humans. The abstract doesn’t specify exactly how many mice were used in each test group. The study tested an extracted form of the herb, which may be more concentrated than traditional preparations. Real-world use patterns and individual variations in human metabolism weren’t examined. Long-term effects beyond the study period are unknown.

The Bottom Line

Based on this research, use Polygonatum sibiricum only in recommended amounts (low to moderate confidence for safety at normal doses). Avoid high-dose supplements or concentrated extracts without medical supervision. Do not use if you have existing liver or kidney disease. Consult a healthcare provider before using regularly, especially if taking other medications.

People considering using this herb as a supplement or medicine should pay attention to these findings. This is especially important for: people with liver or kidney problems, pregnant or nursing women, people taking medications that affect the liver or kidneys, and anyone planning long-term use. People using the herb in traditional food preparations in small amounts are at lower risk than those taking concentrated supplements.

Organ damage appeared after repeated doses over time in the study, suggesting that problems develop gradually rather than immediately. This means the risks are mainly from regular, ongoing use rather than occasional consumption.

Want to Apply This Research?

  • If using Polygonatum sibiricum supplements, track daily dose amount (in grams or capsules) and note any symptoms like fatigue, nausea, or changes in appetite, which could indicate organ stress
  • Set a maximum daily dose limit based on product recommendations and set weekly reminders to assess how you’re feeling. If using regularly, schedule periodic check-ups with your doctor to monitor liver and kidney function through blood tests
  • Maintain a log of supplement use with dates and amounts. Record any physical symptoms or changes in energy levels. If using long-term, request liver and kidney function tests (AST, ALT, creatinine) every 3-6 months to catch any problems early

This research was conducted in laboratory mice and may not directly apply to humans. The findings suggest potential safety concerns with high doses of Polygonatum sibiricum, but do not prove these effects occur in people. If you currently use this herb or are considering using it, consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making any changes, especially if you have liver or kidney disease, are pregnant or nursing, or take medications. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Do not stop or start any supplement without medical guidance.