Women who have been treated for endometrial cancer (the most common type of gynecological cancer) often struggle to exercise regularly, even though doctors recommend it. Researchers reviewed 22 studies testing different exercise programs designed specifically for these women. The programs ranged from simple exercise routines to more complex plans combining exercise, diet changes, and stress management. Most programs helped women feel better, move more easily, and feel more confident about their health. However, many women had trouble sticking with the programs due to pain, tiredness, and other responsibilities. The good news: even small increases in physical activity appeared to improve how women felt overall.

The Quick Take

  • What they studied: Do exercise programs help women who have finished treatment for endometrial cancer feel better and stay healthier?
  • Who participated: The review looked at 22 different studies involving women who had completed treatment for endometrial cancer. Most studies were done in the United States, and they tested various types of exercise programs.
  • Key finding: One major study found that women who followed an exercise program significantly increased how much they exercised. Most programs also helped women feel better physically and mentally, with improvements in quality of life and confidence in their ability to exercise.
  • What it means for you: If you’re a woman recovering from endometrial cancer treatment, starting an exercise program—even a modest one—may help you feel better and reduce your risk of future health problems. However, programs work best when they’re designed with your specific challenges in mind, like managing pain or fatigue.

The Research Details

Researchers conducted a scoping review, which is a method for looking at many different studies on the same topic to see what we know overall. They searched seven major medical databases for studies published between January 2011 and October 2024. They included only studies that tested exercise programs (or programs combining exercise with diet or other wellness activities) for women who had finished treatment for endometrial cancer.

The 22 studies they found tested 12 different types of programs. Some programs focused only on exercise, some combined exercise with diet changes, and others were more comprehensive, including things like mindfulness or stress management alongside physical activity. Most studies were small pilot or feasibility trials, meaning they were testing whether the programs could work before running larger studies. Only one study was a full-scale randomized controlled trial, which is the gold standard for research.

This type of review is important because it brings together everything we know about what works for helping cancer survivors exercise. Rather than looking at individual small studies, researchers can see patterns across many studies. This helps doctors and patients understand what types of programs are most likely to help, and what challenges need to be solved.

The review included mostly smaller pilot studies, which means the evidence is still developing. The fact that most studies were done in the USA means the results might not apply equally to women in other countries with different healthcare systems or cultural backgrounds. The review found that only one large, rigorous study was available, suggesting we need more high-quality research in this area. However, the consistency of positive results across multiple studies suggests the findings are likely meaningful.

What the Results Show

The most important finding came from the one large, well-designed study: women who participated in an exercise program significantly increased their total physical activity minutes compared to women who didn’t participate. This is meaningful because it shows the programs actually work to get women moving more.

Across most of the studies reviewed, women reported improvements in several important areas: their overall quality of life got better, they could do physical activities more easily, and they felt more confident in their ability to exercise. These improvements matter because they suggest exercise programs help women feel better in their daily lives, not just on paper.

The programs showed different levels of success in keeping women engaged. Some programs had adherence rates (the percentage of women who stuck with the program) as low as 36%, while others kept 86% of participants involved. This variation suggests that how a program is designed and delivered makes a big difference in whether women will actually do it.

The review found that certain factors helped women stick with exercise programs: having social interaction and support from others, being part of a group, and having programs tailored to their individual needs. On the flip side, several barriers made it harder for women to exercise: ongoing pain from treatment, extreme fatigue, caregiving responsibilities for family members, and concerns about their mental health. Interestingly, the type of program didn’t seem to matter as much as whether it was designed with these real-life challenges in mind.

This is the first review to specifically look at exercise programs for women treated for endometrial cancer. Previous research has shown that exercise helps cancer survivors in general, but endometrial cancer survivors have unique challenges (like specific types of pain and fatigue) that hadn’t been thoroughly studied. This review fills that gap and confirms that the general benefits of exercise apply to this specific group, while also highlighting their particular needs.

The review has several important limitations. Most studies were small and done in the USA, so results might not apply to women in other countries or healthcare settings. Only one large, rigorous study was included, so we can’t be completely certain about the strength of the benefits. Many studies didn’t measure long-term results—we don’t know if women kept exercising months or years later. The review also couldn’t compare different types of programs head-to-head because they were all so different. Finally, the studies didn’t always measure the same outcomes, making it harder to combine results.

The Bottom Line

Based on this evidence, women who have completed treatment for endometrial cancer should consider starting an exercise program. The evidence suggests moderate confidence that exercise will help improve quality of life and physical function. Programs appear to work best when they’re personalized to your specific situation, include social support, and address common barriers like pain and fatigue. Even small increases in physical activity appear beneficial, so don’t feel you need to start with intense exercise.

These findings are most relevant for women who have finished treatment for endometrial cancer and want to improve their health and quality of life. Healthcare providers caring for endometrial cancer survivors should also pay attention, as this research suggests they should recommend and support exercise programs. Women with significant pain, severe fatigue, or mental health concerns should work with their healthcare team to design a program that addresses their specific needs. The findings may also apply to survivors of other gynecological cancers, though more research is needed.

Based on the studies reviewed, improvements in quality of life and physical function typically appeared within weeks to a few months of starting an exercise program. However, most studies didn’t follow women long-term, so we don’t know how long benefits last if you stop exercising. The key is consistency—regular activity appears more important than intensity. You might notice improvements in how you feel and what you can do physically within 4-8 weeks of starting a program.

Want to Apply This Research?

  • Track weekly minutes of physical activity (any intensity) and rate your energy level and quality of life on a simple 1-10 scale twice weekly. This mirrors what the research studies measured and helps you see if modest increases in activity correlate with how you feel.
  • Start with a realistic, small goal—such as 10-15 minutes of walking three times per week—rather than trying to do intense exercise immediately. Use the app to schedule exercise sessions with a friend or family member, since social support was identified as a key factor in success. Log any barriers you encounter (pain, fatigue, scheduling conflicts) so you can problem-solve and adjust your program.
  • Set up monthly check-ins to review your activity trends and how you’re feeling. If adherence drops below 50% in any week, use the app to identify what barrier appeared and adjust your plan. Track not just exercise minutes, but also secondary benefits like sleep quality, mood, and ability to do daily activities—these were the improvements women noticed in the studies.

This review summarizes research about exercise programs for women treated for endometrial cancer, but it is not a substitute for personalized medical advice. Before starting any new exercise program after cancer treatment, consult with your oncologist or healthcare provider, especially if you experience pain, unusual fatigue, or other concerning symptoms. The evidence presented is based on relatively small studies, and individual results may vary. This information is intended to help you have informed conversations with your healthcare team, not to replace their guidance.